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Cystitis in women: what it is, symptoms and treatment

Many women suffer when the first symptoms of cystitis appear, they begin to treat themselves, consult pharmacists at the pharmacy and buy fashionable drugs. They cannot even imagine the consequences of such treatment without knowing the causes, type and form of the disease. In order to prevent complications of the disease, appropriate diagnostics must be performed.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary tract and bladder. This disease is mostly female. In women, it is caused by the structure of the urethra, which is shorter and wider than that of men, so infection or the penetration of harmful microorganisms occurs more often.

Cystitis according to ICD-10

According to the international classification of diseases, this type of inflammation belongsClass XIV, its codeNo. 30. 0.

According to the international classification of diseases, cystitis has several forms:

  1. Acute cystitis code number: 30. 0.
  2. Chronic (intermediate) code 30. 1.
  3. Chronic (other) cystitis code number: 30. 2.
  4. Trigonite code number 30. 3.
  5. Inflammatory process radiation type code number: 30. 4.
  6. Other forms of cystitis No. 30. 5.
  7. Unspecified cystitis 30. 6. no.

Each form of the inflammatory process requires individual treatment. Therefore, the disease must be diagnosed in a medical institution and medicines recommended by a doctor must be taken.

Causes of cystitis in women

People suffer from this disease30% are women under the age of 45. The main reason for the occurrence of the inflammatory process is a special anatomical structure in which the flora of the female reproductive and urinary systems come into contact. Other reasons:

  • Improper sexual hygiene.
  • Passive (sedentary) lifestyle.
  • Tension.
  • An unbalanced diet.
  • Eating spicy and fatty foods.
  • Presence of chronic gynecological and sexual diseases.
  • Unprotected sex.
  • Prolonged hypothermia.
  • Bladder injuries.
  • Changes in hormone levels.
  • Reduced immunity.
  • Synthetic underwear.

The most common cause of cystitis is an infection caused by intestinal infections.

What bacteria cause inflammation?

Cystitis develops as a result of infection with various pathogenic bacteria:

  1. Candida fungi.
  2. Escherichia coli.
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  4. Gonococci.
  5. Ureaplasma.
  6. Mycoplasmas.
  7. Trichomonas.
  8. Chlamydia.
  9. Enterobacter.
  10. Treponema pallidum.
  11. Staphylococcus.
  12. Streptococcus.
  13. Enterococcus.
  14. Meningococcal.
  15. Coliform microbes.
  16. Proteus.
  17. Salmonella.
  18. Viruses.
  19. Listeria.
  20. Klebsiella.

The most common opportunistic bacterium causing the acute stage of inflammation is Escherichia coli.

E. coli most often provokes the development of cystitis in women

The first signs of the disease in women

The first signs of the disease appear within 24 hours after infection with pathogenic bacteria or hypothermia. These signs are:

  • Weakness.
  • Low-grade fever.
  • Frequent urination in small amounts.
  • Itching of the genitals.
  • Drawing pain in the lower abdomen at night.
  • Painful urination.
  • The appearance of discharge from the genitals.

Urine becomes cloudy, sediment in the form of flakes, mixed with blood or pus.

In women, one of the symptoms of cystitis is excruciating pain in the lower abdomen

Symptoms of cystitis in women

The main symptoms of the inflammatory process in women:

  1. Urine is released frequently and in small amounts.
  2. Burning sensation when emptying the bladder.
  3. Frequent urge to urinate at night.
  4. Cloudy urine mixed with mucus, blood and pus.
  5. A feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
  6. The urine has an unpleasant, pungent smell.
  7. Excruciating pain occurs in the lower abdomen, kidneys and spine.
  8. Low body temperature.

If you notice one or more symptoms, a diagnosis should be made to avoid complications or the development of urolithiasis.

A woman is worried about symptoms of cystitis in the form of frequent and painful urination

Urinary incontinence with cystitis in women

Urinary incontinence in women with the disease is a signneglect of the disease. The main reason is the lack of self-medication or a visit to a medical institution.

Urinary incontinence occurs due to developmentinflammatory process after bladder infection. The nerve endings on the wall of the bladder are irritated, which causes a frequent urge to urinate. If treatment is inadequate or treatment is neglected, urges become stronger and become uncontrollable.

Are your kidneys hurting because of cystitis?

The kidneys are part of the urinary system and produce urea, which forms urine. Urine leaves through the ureters, accumulates in the bladder, and then comes out. If the inflammatory process of the bladder becomes advanced, the infection rises through the ureters to the kidney, which is why kidney pain occurs in case of cystitis.

If the pain in the kidney becomes stronger after cystitis, it means that the patient is developing a disease - pyelonephritis. Therefore, if pain occurs in the kidney, immediately consult a doctor for examination and diagnosis of the disease.

Types and forms of cystitis in women

Modern medicine classifies cystitis depending on the nature of the disease, its causes, morphology, stage of development and the spread of the inflammatory process. Cystitis can occur in the following forms:

  1. Spicy– inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder due to various infections.
  2. Chronic- it differs from acute cystitis in that the symptoms are washed out with their periodic appearance.
  3. Interposed- characterized by the development of a malignant tumor on the wall of the bladder. This is a dangerous pathology that requires surgical intervention.
  4. Honeymoon cystitis- this is a special form, typical for girls who start having sex. During the defloration process, foreign bacteria enter the vaginal cavity, which causes inflammatory processes.

Most experts identify the following types of cystitis:

  • InfectiousCystitis occurs due to the entry of bacteria and harmful microorganisms into the bladder.
  • Traumatica kind of disease that occurs due to injuries and bruises of the urethra.
  • ChemicalCystitis occurs when it is not properly treated or when the body is exposed to toxic substances.
  • Bleedingthe species occurs as a result of viral diseases.
  • Hypercalceuricthe type occurs in women who suffer from impaired kidney function.
  • Parasitethe species occurs due to the penetration of parasites (worms) from the anus into the urethra.
  • SexualCystitis occurs in women who frequently change sexual partners.
  • Beamcystitis occurs during procedures involving radiation exposure of the body.
  • AllergicThis type occurs when allergens enter the body and can cause an inflammatory process.
  • CervicalCystitis is inflammation of the bladder neck.
  • Fungusthe species is formed when Candida fungi are present in the body.
  • HormoneIn women, cystitis occurs with an increase in the level of estrogen in the body, which reduces immunity and facilitates the penetration of infection.

Recurrent cystitis

Recurrent cystitis is an acute type of inflammation of the urogenital organsmore than 3 times in six months. Reasons for the recurring type:

  1. Chronic non-compliance with personal hygiene rules.
  2. Genetic predisposition.
  3. Anatomical abnormalities such as dystopia.
  4. Narrowing of the urethra.
  5. Stones or sand in the bladder.
  6. Frequent change of sexual partners.
  7. Gynecological diseases.
  8. Permanent hypothermia.

In the recurrent type of the disease, the treatment is the same as in the case of acute cystitis.

Diagnostics

The doctor performs the initial examination of the patient, collects the anamnesis and writes a referral for tests:

  • General blood test.
  • General urinalysis.
  • Bacteriological culture of urine.
  • Vaginal microflora smear.
  • Ultrasound.
  • Cystography.
An ultrasound of the bladder can help diagnose cystitis in a woman.

Based on the results of the examination, the doctor diagnoses and prescribes the appropriate treatment.

How long does it take to treat cystitis in women?

The doctor prescribes a treatmentat least 10-14 days. The duration of treatment depends on the form and type of cystitis, as well as the likelihood of recurrence. The inflammatory process is treated with medication in several stages. Self-medication can lead to complications, and treatment takes a long time.

Methods and drugs for the treatment of cystitis in women

If cystitis occurs, you should first consult a doctor and undergo an examination to find out the cause of its occurrence.

For the treatment of diseases of the urogenital organs, antibiotics, herbs, warm baths and folk remedies are prescribed. The treatment methods and the dosage of the drugs are determined by the doctor.

During drug treatment, a complex treatment is carried out with antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics, herbal medicines, and in case of severe pain, pain relievers are prescribed.

During antibiotic treatment, the intestinal microflora suffers, so the doctor prescribes probiotics.

Medicines to treat cystitis - antibiotics, probiotics, antispasmodics, herbs

Antispasmodics are prescribed for severe convulsions.

The doctor prescribes herbal medicines to alleviate inflammatory processes in the urinary tract. These are preparations based on herbs and plant flowers that are effective in combating the inflammatory process. These include:

  • Cranberry leaves.
  • Bearberry.
  • Products based on cranberry fruit and herbs.

Therapeutic baths help relieve cramps and have an antibacterial effect. Herbal decoctions, infusions and oils are added to such baths:

  1. Chamomile flowers.
  2. A collection of herbs for the urinary system.
  3. Call for marigolds.
  4. Series.
  5. St. John's wort.
  6. Eucalyptus oil.
  7. Lemon oil.
  8. Sage oil.
  9. Lavender oil.

Complex therapy is performed in order to provide fast and effective treatment.

Is it possible to cure cystitis without antibiotics?

Treatment without antibiotics is prescribed only in case of an acute type of illness, for its treatmentanticonvulsant and antimicrobial drugs. In most cases, the acute form becomes chronic, in which antibiotic treatment cannot be avoided.

Do they give you sick leave because of cystitis?

Cystitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process develops rapidly. In the acute type of the disease, the body temperature often rises, which indicates the need for bed rest, which means that a sick leave certificate must be issued.

Sick leave is not granted in the case of a chronic illness, as the illness has no pronounced symptoms. It should be remembered that the treatment requires tests and diagnostic procedures, which also take time.

Consequences and complications

This disease can be treated quickly and effectively in its acute and chronic form, but if the treatment is carried out independently and incorrectly, the inflammation takes other forms, complications occur, which develop into other diseases. Such consequences and complications include:

  • Cystitis turns into interstitial, hemorrhagic and gangrenous forms.
  • Pyelonephritis.
  • Empyema of the bladder.
  • Paracystitis.
  • Trigonite.

The risk of complications is that new diseases appear in the body.

Prevention

In order to prevent the disease, it is important to follow the following rules and recommendations:

  1. Adhere to the drinking regime.
  2. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
  3. Maintain a rest and sleep schedule.
  4. Dress according to the weather.
  5. Eat healthy, balanced meals.
  6. Refuse bad habits.
  7. Drink a decoction of diuretic herbs.
  8. Exercise.
  9. Take vitamins.

It is important to take care of your health, visit the doctor, diagnose diseases in time and take preventive measures.